More effective vaccines are essential to control the continuing pandemic of Tuberculosis (TB) globally. Two new developments in pulmonary TB vaccines will be presented. First, we have synthesised a whole protein conjugate vaccine linking the adjuvants, Pam2Cys and Pam3Cys, to the M. tuberculosis secreted protein ESAT-6. Delivery of these vaccines to the lungs stimulated antigen-specific Th1 and Th17 T cell responses that were associated with protection against M. tuberculosis lung infection in mice. Second, we have defined the characteristics of lung tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells induced by two different TB vaccines, viral (rIAV-P25) and protein/adjuvant (CysVac2/Advax) vaccines, that are protective when delivered to the lungs. The transcriptional similarities and differences between the lung TRM stimulated by these vaccines will be discussed.